DIPTERA: Simuliidae

Emergence traps were operated on Sixmile and Fourmile Creek over a ten-year period. The Fourmile Creek area included two sites one of which was below a sewage outfall. A list of the Simuliidae follows along with a photo of Simulium claricentrum from Sixteenmile provided by Peter Adler, Clemson University. Data for Fourmile Creek site 1 (above the sewage outfall), was collected from 1980 to 1989 and Fourmile Creek site 2 (below the sewage outfall), was collected from 1981-89. The species list is from 1980 to 1989 for the Fourmile Creek sites. The Fourmile site 1 was at 42°7’20”N 79°59’8”W and was located 550 m upstream at an elevation of 326m. The Fourmile site 2 was at 42°7’15”N 79°59’27”W at an elevation of 275 m and was located 90 m downstream from a sewage effluent outfall. The facility was taken out of operation in November 1982. The Sixmile Creek collection site was located at 42°7’2”N 79°57’14”W at an elevation of 360 m approximately 9 km south of Lake Erie. The species list is compiled from collections 1977 to1987. Peter Adler made the determinations, and from his 2004 publication, final determinations were made for the species occurring at the Fourmile Creek and Sixmile Creek sites.

References:

Adler, P. H., D. C. Currie & D. M. Wood. The Black Flies (Simuliidae) of North America. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY. 941 pp. + 24 color plates. 2004.

McCreadie, J. W., P. H. Adler & E. C. Masteller. Long-term emergence patterns of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) in northwestern Pennsylvania. Hydrobiologia 288:39-46. 1994.

Adler, P. H. & K. C. Kim. The black flies of Pennsylvania (Simuliidae, Diptera). Pennsylvania State University Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin 856. 1-88 . 1986.

Adler, P.H., B. L. Travis, K. C. Kim & E. C. Masteller. Seasonal emergence patterns of black flies (Diptera:Simuliidae) in northwestern Pennsylvania. Great Lakes Entomologist 15(4): 253-260. 1982.